Condiciones de trabajo y el cuidado de sí en profesionales de enfermería en la atención domiciliaria de adultos mayores dependientes / Condições de trabalho e autocuidado dos profissionais de enfermagem na assistência domiciliar a idosos dependentes / Working conditions and self-care of nursing professionals in home care of dependent older adults

Introducción: La atención a domicilio de adultos mayores dependientes es una tarea compleja que requiere de profesionales de enfermería altamente capacitados. Sin embargo, las condiciones laborales adversas y la falta de atención al cuidado de sí mismo ponen en riesgo su salud y bienestar, así como la calidad del cuidado que brindan. Objetivo: Describir las condiciones de trabajo y el cuidado de sí en profesionales de enfermería en la atención domiciliaria de adultos mayores dependientes. Metodología: Investigación cualitativa de diseño narrativo utilizando la teoría del cuidado de sí de Michel Foucault. Muestreo por bola de nieve. Criterios de selección: ser enfermero(a) de atención domiciliaria, tener bajo su cuidado a adultos mayores dependientes y firmar el consentimiento informado. Recolección de datos mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas, grabadas y transcritas textualmente para ser analizadas con ayuda del software ATLAS.ti. Participantes: 9 profesionales de enfermería domiciliaria independiente. Resultados: Emergieron 2 categorías: 1) La familia en el cuidado y 2) El lado doloroso del cuidado. Conclusiones: Además de las habilidades de comunicación eficaz para solicitar las adaptaciones arquitectónicas de la vivienda y la colaboración de los familiares, se hace evidente que cuando se usan las tecnologías de la teoría de Michel Foucault, se promueve el cuidado de sí de la enfermera. Discusión: La capacidad para tomar conciencia sumado al pensamiento crítico, son necesarios para tener el poder y autonomía sobre las decisiones que se llevan a cabo en el trabajo, reduciendo riesgos e injusticias en el ámbito que se encuentre y promover el cuidado de sí.

Introduction: Home care of dependent older adults is a complex task that requires highly trained nursing professionals. However, adverse working conditions and lack of attention to self-care jeopardize their health and well-being, as well as the quality of care they provide. Objective: To describe the working conditions and self-care of nursing professionals in the home care of dependent older adults. Methodology: Qualitative research of narrative design using Michel Foucault's theory of self-care. Snowball sampling. Selection criteria: to be a home care nurse, to have dependent older adults under his/her care and to sign the informed consent form. Data collection through semi-structured interviews, recorded and transcribed verbatim for analysis using ATLAS.ti software. Participants: 9 independent home nursing professionals. Results: 2 categories emerged: 1) The family in caregiving and 2) The painful side of caregiving. Conclusions: In addition to effective communication skills to request architectural adaptations of the home and the collaboration of family members, it is evident that when the technologies of Michel Foucault's theory are used, the nurse's self-care is promoted. Discussion: The ability to be aware and critical thinking are necessary to have power and autonomy over the decisions that are carried out at work, reducing risks and injustices in the field and promoting self-care.

Introdução: O atendimento domiciliar de idosos dependentes é uma tarefa complexa que exige profissionais de enfermagem altamente treinados. No entanto, as condições de trabalho adversas e a falta de atenção ao autocuidado prejudicam sua saúde e bem-estar, bem como a qualidade do atendimento que prestam. Objetivo: descrever as condições de trabalho e o autocuidado dos profissionais de enfermagem na assistência domiciliar a idosos dependentes. Metodologia: Pesquisa qualitativa com um projeto narrativo usando a teoria do autocuidado de Michel Foucault. Amostragem em bola de neve. Critérios de seleção: ser enfermeiro de atendimento domiciliar, estar cuidando de idosos dependentes e assinar o termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido. Coleta de dados por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, gravadas e transcritas literalmente para análise usando o software ATLAS.ti. Participantes: 9 profissionais independentes de enfermagem domiciliar. Resultados: Surgiram duas categorias: 1) A família no cuidado e 2) O lado doloroso do cuidado. Conclusões: Além de habilidades de comunicação eficazes para solicitar adaptações arquitetônicas na residência e a colaboração dos familiares, fica evidente que, quando as tecnologias da teoria de Michel Foucault são utilizadas, o autocuidado do enfermeiro é promovido. Discussão: A capacidade de conscientização e o pensamento crítico são necessários para ter poder e autonomia sobre as decisões tomadas no trabalho, reduzindo os riscos e as injustiças no campo e promovendo o autocuidado.

A realidade da alma no pensamento de Léon Bonaventure / The reality of the soul in the thought of Léon Bonaventure / La realidad del alma en el pensamiento de Léon Bonaventure

O artigo integra a pesquisa de 2021 de pós-doutorado "Contribuição à história da psicologia analítica pelo olhar de Léon Bonaventure", baseada em entrevistas com esse autor e em seus textos. A inserção da psicologia analítica no Brasil por meio dos pioneiros Nise da Silveira, na saúde mental, Pethö Sandor, com a integração fisio psíquica e Léon Bonaventure, na clínica com ênfase na realidade da alma, reflete o diálogo interdisciplinar presente na construção da concepção. Psicoterapeuta, pesquisador e editor responsável pela transmissão da obra de Jung no Brasil, firmado na existência da alma per se ­ sujeito e objeto do conhecimento psicológico ­ Bonaventure a vê como matriz das experiências, apresenta o modo de conhecê-la, discute a presença da tipologia nos textos. Tematiza a noção de Si-mesmo com base nos textos da mística Teresa de Ávila e compara a compreensão da alma e seu centro à de Jung. Como um "jardineiro da alma", se aproximou dela como experiência e realidade, numa atitude simbólica.

The article is part of the 2021 postdoctoral research Contribution to the history of analytical psychology through the eyes of Léon Bonaventure based on interviews with him and his texts. The insertion of the analytical psychology in Brazil through the pioneers Nise da Silveira in mental health, Pethö Sandor with the physiopsychic integration and Léon Bonaventure at the clinic emphasizing the reality of the soul reflects the interdisciplinary dialogue present in the construction of the conception. Psychotherapist, researcher and editor responsible for the transmission of Jungian work in Brazil, based on the existence of the soul per se - subject and object of psychological knowledge - Bonaventure highlights it as a matrix of experiences, presents the way of knowing it, discusses the presence of the typology in the authors' production. He thematizes the notion of the Self, based on the writings of the mystic Teresa of Ávila and compares the understanding of the soul and its center to that of Jung. As a "gardener of the soul", he approached it as experience and reality, in a symbolic attitude.

El artículo integra la investigación de 2021 de posdoctorado "Contribución a la historia de la psicología analítica por la mirada de Léon Bonaventure, basada en entrevistas con él y en sus textos. La inserción de la psicología analítica en Brasil a través de los pioneros Nise da Silveira en la salud mental, Pethö Sandor con la integración fisio-psíquica y Léon Bonaventure en la clínica con el énfasis en la realidad del alma, refleja el diálogo interdisciplinario presente en la construcción de la concepción. Psicoterapeuta, investigador y editor responsable por la transmisión de la obra de Jung en Brasil, firmado en la existencia del alma per se ­ sujeto y objeto del conocimiento psicológico ­ Bonaventure la ve como matriz de las experiencias, presenta el modo de conocerla, discute la presencia de la tipología en los textos. Tematiza la noción del Sí-mismo con base en los textos de la mística Teresa de Ávila y compara la comprensión del alma y su centro con la de Jung. Como un "jardinero del alma" se acercó a ella como experiencia y realidad, en una actitud simbólica.

Clinical characteristics among patients with pulmonary tuberculosis complicated by prediabetes mellitus / 中国基层医药

Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in patients with prediabetes mellitus (PreDM) and improve the understanding and diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis complicated by prediabetes mellitus (PreDM-PTB).Methods:The clinical data of 109 inpatients with PTB who underwent glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) examination admitted to Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2015 to January 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. These patients were divided into the PreDM-PTB group ( n = 45) and the non-PreDM-PTB group (N-PreDMPTB group, n = 64) according to HbA1c test results. Patient demographic data, clinical features, imaging data, bacteriological results, and other laboratory results were collected from all patients. Results:The mean age and body mass index (BMI) were higher in the PreDM-PTB group than the N-PreDMPTB group. The proportion of patients having a smoking history was higher in the PreDM-PTB group than the N-PreDMPTB group (46.7% vs. 25.0%). The proportions of patients who had a cough (88.9%), fever (55.6%), anorexia (17.8%), chest tightness (31.1%), shortness of breath (28.9%), weight loss (40.0%), and pleural effusion (22.2%) were higher in the PreDM-PTB group than the N-PreDMPTB group. Patients with PreDM-PTB were more prone to develop anemia (55.6%), hypoproteinemia (55.6%), and increased low-density lipoprotein (26.7%) compared with patients with N-PreDMPTB. The levels of D-Dimer (93.2%), C-reactive protein (86.7%), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (79.1%) were increased in the PreDM-PTB group compared with the N-PreDMPTB group. Sputum smear results showed that the positivity of mycobacterium tuberculosis was higher in the PreDM-PTB group (74.4%) compared with the N-PreDMPTB group. There was no significant difference in drug resistance between the two groups ( P > 0.05). The positivity of blood tuberculosis antibody and blood T-cell spot test for tuberculosis infection were 60.9% and 84.6% respectively in the PreDM-PTB group and they were 50.9% and 95.2% respectively in the N-PreDMPTB group. There were no significant differences in these two indices between the two groups ( P = 0.321, 0.066). Conclusion:Patients with Pre-DMPTB have different clinical manifestations and auxiliary examination characteristics compared with patients with N-PreDMPTB patients, which should be paid more attention to by clinicians. Early intervention should be actively adopted to prevent diabetes development from pre-DM.

Establishment and Evaluation of Heart Failure Model with Qi Deficiency Syndrome / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo establish and evaluate a mouse model of heart failure with Qi deficiency syndrome. MethodForty-four KM mice were randomly divided into sham operation group， model group， and modified Si Junzitang group （12.89 g·kg-1）. The model group and the modified Si Junzitang group underwent thoracic aortic constriction （TAC）， while the sham operation group only underwent suture without constriction. Echocardiography and pathological examination were used to assess the heart failure model and evaluate the pharmacological effects. Macroscopic characterization， microscopic biology， and formula identification were conducted to collect general signs， body weight， open-field behavior， grip strength， mitochondrial ultrastructure， and other macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of mice. Mitochondrial fission and fusion protein expression were measured to determine the syndrome type. ResultEight weeks after TAC， compared with the sham operation group， the model group showed a significant decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction （LVEF） （P<0.01）， and modified Si Junzitang improved LVEF in mice （P<0.05）. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining of the heart showed inflammatory cell infiltration and thickening of blood vessel walls in the model group， which was significantly improved by modified Si Junzitang. After 6-8 weeks， compared with the sham operation group and the modified Si Junzitang group， the model group exhibited significant hair loss， hair yellowing， decreased activity， and depression. Moreover， compared with the sham operation group， the model group had a significantly lower increase in body weight （P<0.05）， while the modified Si Junzitang group showed a significant increase in body weight （P<0.05） compared with the model group. After 6-8 weeks， compared with the sham operation group， the model group showed a significant decrease in open-field distance and speed （P<0.05）， while the modified Si Junzitang group exhibited significantly improved open-field distance and speed in the 8th week （P<0.05）. After 6-8 weeks， compared with the sham operation group， the model group exhibited a significant decrease in maximum grip strength （P<0.05）， while the modified Si Junzitang group showed a significant increase in maximum grip strength 8 weeks after TAC （P<0.05）. Transmission electron microscopy of the gastrocnemius muscle showed uneven muscle tissue matrix， mitochondrial swelling， increased volume， matrix dissolution， ridge loss， and vacuolization in the model group， while modified Si Junzitang improved mitochondrial swelling， ridge fracture， and matrix vacuolization. Western blot analysis showed that the expression of the kinetic associated protein 1 （DRP1） in the gastrocnemius muscle of the model group significantly increased （P<0.01）， and the expression of mitochondrial fusion hormone 1 （MFN1） significantly decreased （P<0.05） as compared with those in the sham operation group. Furthermore， compared with the model group， the modified Si Junzitang group exhibited a significant decrease in the expression of DRP1 （P<0.05） and a significant increase in MFN1 expression （P<0.01）. ConclusionMice exhibited significant manifestations of qi deficiency syndrome 6-8 weeks after TAC， accompanied by abnormal mitochondrial morphology and function in the gastrocnemius muscle， which were significantly improved by modified Si Junzitang.

"Houxi (SI 3) communicating the governor vessel" verified with the infrared thermal imaging technology / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the effect on facial acupoint temperature between acupuncture at Houxi (SI 3) and Dazhui (GV 14) so as to verify "Houxi (SI 3) communicating the governor vessel" based on the infrared thermal imaging technology.@*METHODS@#Thirty-five healthy subjects (5 cases dropped off) were collected and before-after study in the same subject was adopted. The subjects were successively assigned into a sham-acupuncture group, a Houxi group, a Wangu group and a Dazhui group. Sham-acupuncture at Houxi (SI 3) on the left, acupuncture at Houxi (SI 3) on the left, Wangu (SI 4) on the left and Dazhui (GV 14) were given respectively. One intervention was given and the needles were retained for 30 min in each group. 30 min before and after acupuncture, the infrared thermal images of the face were collected, and the facial temperature was compared among the following 5 acupoints, i.e. Yintang (GV 24+), Suliao (GV 25), Shuigou (GV 26), Duiduan (GV 27) and Chengjiang (CV 24).@*RESULTS@#After acupuncture, the facial temperature at Yintang (GV 24+) and Chengjiang (CV 24) was increased compared before acupuncture in the sham-acupuncture group (P<0.01, P<0.05). The facial temperature at Suliao (GV 25) in the Houxi group was reduced after acupuncture (P<0.05). In the Wangu group, the temperature at Yintang (GV 24+) was increased compared before acupuncture (P<0.01). The facial temperature was increased at Duiduan (GV 27) and Chengjiang (CV 24) compared before acupuncture in the Dazhui group (P<0.01, P<0.05). The differences of facial temperature at Chengjiang (CV 24) and Suliao (GV 25) after acupuncture were larger than before acupuncture in the Houxi group and the Dazhui group (P<0.01). In comparison with the temperature at Suliao (GV 25) of the same group, the differences of facial temperature before and after acupuncture at Yintang (GV 24+), Shuigou (GV 26), Duiduan (GV 27) and Chengjiang (CV 24) were increased in the Houxi group (P<0.01, P<0.05); while, the increase was also obtained at Yintang (GV 24+), Shuigou (GV 26), Duiduan (GV 27) and Chengjiang (CV 24) in the Dazhui group (P<0.05, P<0.01). The difference of facial temperature at Yintang (GV 24+) before and after acupuncture was increased compared with Suliao (GV 25) in the Wangu group (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Acupuncture at Houxi (SI 3) generates a similar thermal effect as Dazhui (GV 14). It regulates and dissipates the core temperature to "govern the yang qi of the whole body".

Terapia de infidelidad: puente para transitar de la devastación a la re-creación de sí y de la relación / Infidelity therapy: a bridge to transition from the devastation to the renovation of oneself and of the relationship

Objetivo: reconocer las vivencias que tuvieron los consultantes en el proceso terapéutico y que favorecieron mantener la relación de pareja luego de una infidelidad. Metodología: estudio cualitativo, fenomenológico-hermenéutico. Se realizaron dos entrevistas semiestructuradas, a tres parejas y una participante; triangulación de la información con un grupo de discusión con terapeutas. Resultados: las reflexiones suscitadas en el espacio terapéutico llevan a una mirada de sí y de la pareja en términos más compasivos, lo que permite que emerjan transformaciones individuales y relacionales que se denominaron: la renovación de la langosta y la transformación del cristal en oro, respectivamente. Los cambios en el pensamiento, acciones y maneras de relacionarse se constituyeron como prácticas de cuidado de sí y de la pareja. Conclusión: la terapia actúa como un "puente" para la recuperación de las parejas, facilita dejar atrás los efectos devastadores de la infidelidad y florecer en un panorama más estético y esperanzador.

Objective: to recognize the experiences that the consultants had in the therapeutic process that favored maintaining the couple's relationship after an infidelity. Methodology: qualitative study, hermeneutical phenomenological. Two semi-structured interviews were conducted with three couples and one participant; triangulation of information with a discussion group with therapists. Results: the reflections raised in the therapeutic space, lead to a look at oneself and the couple in more compassionate terms, which allows individual and relational transformations to emerge that were called: the renewal of the lobster and the transformation from crystal to gold, respectively. The changes in thinking, actions and ways of relating to each other were constituted as self-care and partner-care practices. Conclusion: therapy acts as a "bridge" for the recovery of couples, it makes it easier to leave behind the devastating effects of infidelity and flourish in a more aesthetic and hopeful outlook.

Masculinidades e aconselhamento nas mídias digitais: subjetivação e empreendedorismo de si em páginas do Instagram / Masculinidades y asesoramiento en medios digitales: subjetivación y emprendedorismo de sí en las páginas de Instagram / Masculinities and counselling in digital media: subjectivation and self-entrepreneurship on Instagram pages

Resumo Este artigo analisa duas páginas do Instagram administradas por influenciadores digitais que apresentam conteúdo reflexivo voltado a homens em torno da construção da masculinidade, buscando compreender as formas de subjetivação imanentes à publicação de conteúdo. A análise se centrou nas descrições biográficas, no conteúdo imagético e audiovisual e no acompanhamento das publicações no perfil e nos stories por um ano. Identificamos que seus temas centrais são o controle das emoções e os relacionamentos conjugais, associados à construção de uma masculinidade denominada "saudável". Seu desenvolvimento passa pelo consumo de práticas terapêuticas oferecidas em cursos e produtos vendidos através da plataforma. O consumo midiático das masculinidades exige, aos seus seguidores, investimentos financeiros e articula-se à lógica do empreendedorismo de si. Busca-se, nesses investimentos, um ideal de sujeito autônomo e autorrealizado consubstanciado na construção individual de uma "masculinidade saudável".

Resumen Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar dos páginas de Instagram administradas por influencers digitales que presentan contenido reflexivo para hombres en torno al tema de la construcción de la masculinidad. Buscamos comprender las formas de subjetivación inmanentes al contenido publicitado. El análisis se centró en descripciones biográficas, imágenes y contenido audiovisual, y seguimiento de publicaciones en su perfil y stories durante un año. Identificamos como sus temas centrales el control de las emociones y las relaciones amorosas, asociadas a la construcción de la denominada "masculinidad saludable". Esa construcción requiere el consumo de prácticas terapéuticas ofrecidas en cursos y productos a través de la plataforma. El consumo mediático de las masculinidades requiere, de sus seguidores, inversiones financieras y se articula a la lógica del emprendimiento del yo. Tal inversión se realiza en función de un ideal de sujeto autónomo y autorrealizado encarnado en la construcción individual de una "masculinidad saludable".

Abstract This article analyses two Instagram pages managed by digital influencers who present reflexive content for men about the construction of masculinity. It addresses the forms of subjectivation immanent in the content publicised. The analysis was focused on biographical descriptions, imagery and audiovisual content, and monitoring of posts in their user profile and stories during one year. The themes identified as central were the control of emotions and romantic relationships, associated with the construction of the so-called "healthy masculinity". That construction requires the consumption of therapeutic practices offered in courses and products through the platform. The media consumption of masculinities requires, from their followers, financial investments and it is articulated to the logic of entrepreneurship of the self. Those investments work towards an ideal of autonomous and self-realised subject embodied in the individual construction of a "healthy masculinity".

Reflexões sobre a formação acadêmica na educação física à luz das tecnologias de si em Foucault / Reflexiones sobre la formación académica en educación física a la luz de las tecnologías del yo en Foucault / Reflections about academic formation in physical education on the light of technologies of self in Foucault

Este artigo busca respaldo nas concepções foucaultianas de ética e estética da existência para compor reflexões sobre a formação acadêmica na Educação Física. Como guisa à mobilização desse intento, se contextualiza a noção de "tecnologias de si", encontrada na última etapa da obra de Michel Foucault. Na sequência, traçam-se aproximações, heterogêneas e diferenciais, entre a problemática ética colocada à constituição do sujeito e a formação acadêmica. Ainda que essas aproximações devam ser vistas com cautela - para não tomar as práticas de constituição dos sujeitos antigos como origem longínqua para forjar e explicar um modelo formativo para os sujeitos modernos - tais aproximações apontam para outras racionalidades não-hegemônicas que se contrapõem às lógicas capacitativas comumente atribuídas à formação acadêmica, que tendem a ser reduzidas apenas a seus aspectos instrumentais. Deste modo, as reflexões que aqui se avizinham não afirmam teorias gerais, tampouco verdades boas ou ruins sobre a formação, mas dão visibilidade para a composição de práticas discursivas e não-discursivas alternativas de elaboração e lapidação de si, estabelecidas nos jogos de força que as sustentam ao longo do percurso formativo. (AU)

Este artículo busca apoyo en las concepciones de Foucault sobre ética y estética de la existencia para reflexionar sobre la formación académica en Educación Física. Como guía para esta reflexión, se contextualiza la noción de 'tecnologías del yo', que se encuentra en la última etapa de la obra de Michel Foucault. Posteriormente, se establecen aproximaciones heterogéneas y diferenciales entre la cuestión ética planteada en la constitución del sujeto y la formación académica. Aunque estas aproximaciones deben ser vistas con cautela - para no considerar las prácticas de constitución de sujetos antiguos como un origen lejano para forjar y explicar un modelo formativo para los sujetos modernos - tales aproximaciones apuntan a otras racionalidades no hegemónicas que se oponen a las lógicas capacitativas comúnmente atribuidas a la formación académica, que tienden a reducirse a sus aspectos instrumentales. De esta forma, las reflexiones que aquí se adelantan no afirman teorías generales ni verdades absolutas sobre la formación, pero dan visibilidad a la composición de prácticas alternativas, discursivas y no discursivas, de elaboración y transformación del yo, establecidas en los juegos de fuerza que las sustentan a lo largo del camino de la formación. (AU)

This article seeks support in Foucault's conceptions of ethics and aesthetics of existence to compose reflections on academic training in Physical Education. As a way to mobilize this intent, the notion of "technologies of the self", found in the last stage of Michel Foucault's work, is contextualized. Next, heterogeneous and differential approximations are outlined between the ethical problem posed to the constitution of the subject and academic training. Although these approximations must be seen with caution - in order not to take the constitution practices of ancient subjects as a distant origin to forge and explain a formative model for modern subjects - such approximations point to other non-hegemonic rationalities that oppose the enabling logics commonly attributed to academic training, which tend to be reduced to its instrumental aspects only. In this way, the reflections ahead here do not affirm general theories, nor good or bad truths about training, but give visibility to the composition of alternative discursive and non-discursive practices of elaboration and shaping of the self, established in the power dynamics that support them throughout the formative journey. (AU)

Care for the Self as Government Strategy in Ecovillages / Cuidado de Si como Estratégia de Governo em Ecovilas

ABSTRACT Based on participant observations in two ecovillages the objective of this paper is to uncover the processes of subjectivation embedded in the care for the self in ecovillages that contribute to individual and community development. Our analysis led to the following conclusions: 1) even in different countries, care for the self and others is a government strategy of the ecovillages and had many similarities; 2) work individual issues are a crucial aspect to live in a community, and 3) the infrastructure and demography are important to understanding the processes of subjectivation in the communities. Our analysis also indicates that some level of government is crucial for helping people to take care of themselves.

RESUMO Com base nas observações participantes em duas ecovilas, o objetivo deste artigo é desvelar os processos de subjetivação presentes no cuidado de si e dos outros em ecovilas e como ele contribui para o desenvolvimento individual e comunitário. A análise que realizamos levou às seguintes conclusões: 1) mesmo em diferentes países, o cuidado de si e dos outros é uma estratégia de governo das ecovilas e têm diversas semelhanças; 2) trabalhar as questões individuais é um aspecto crucial para se viver em comunidade; e 3) a infraestrutura e a demografia são importantes para a compreensão dos processos de subjetivação nas comunidades. Nossa análise também indica que algum nível de governo é crucial para ajudar as pessoas a cuidarem de si.

El amor como sujeto perenne. Una interpretación sobre las concepciones del amor de pareja en el último quinquenio / Love as a perennial subject. An interpretation of conceptions of couple love in the last five years

El amor es un tema que transversaliza al ser humano en todas sus experiencias vitales; es por ello por lo que constantemente está expuesto a contextos colmados de significados, los cuales, de una u otra manera, forjan una idea sobre término, misma que influye directamente en las relaciones de pareja. El presente artículo surge de una investigación reflexiva acerca de las concepciones del amor de pareja en el último quinquenio del siglo XXI y su relación con las formas de amar, lo cual permitió esclarecer, desde lo documental inicialmente, los modos y maneras de relacionamiento en la actualidad. La reflexión transita desde la idea del amor como problema que interesa, pasando por el camino que conduce al sí mismo del amor, entendiendo que este es el problema perenne; finaliza el artículo con la idea de que absolutizar el amor es negarlo

Love is a theme that transverses and crosses human beings in all their life experiences; that is why it is constantly exposed to contexts full of meanings, which, in one way or another, forge an idea about it, which directly influences couple relationships. This article reflects on the conceptions of couple love in the last five years of the 21st century and its relationship with the ways of loving, which allowed us to clarify, initially at a documentary level, the modes, and ways of relating at present. The reflection moves from the idea of love as a problem of interest, passing through the path that leads to love itself, understanding that this is the perennial problem; the article ends with the idea that to absolutize love is to deny it.

Heterologous expression and enzymatic properties of active inclusion bodies of sucrose isomerase fused with coiled-coil domain / 中国生物制品学杂志

@#Objective To express the sucrose isomerase(SI) fused with the tetrameric coiled-coil domain of the cell surface protein tetrabrachion(TdoT),and study the enzymatic properties of the recombinant enzymes.Methods The gene of SI fused with TdoT at the N/C terminus was cloned into the expression vectors respectively to construct the recombinant expression vectors pET-24a-TdoT-SI and pET-24b-SI-TdoT,which were transformed into E.coli BL21(DE3) and induced to express recombinant enzymes.The enzymatic properties and product specificity of the purified recombinant enzymes were studied.Results TdoT-SI and SI-TdoT were expressed as inclusion bodies with catalytic activity,while SI inclusion bodies without TdoT showed no catalytic activity.The results of enzymatic property analysis showed that the optimum reaction temperature for TdoT-SI and SI-TdoT active inclusion bodies was 40 ℃,and the optimum reaction pH was 5.5 and 5.0,respectively.The K_m of TdoT-SI active inclusion bodies was(103.9±9.5) mmol/L and the k_(cat)/K_m was(0.06±0.002) L/(mmol·s),while the K_m of SI-TdoT active inclusion bodies was(54.4±6.6) mmol/L and the k_(cat)/K_m was(0.03±0.002) L/(mmol·s).The results of product specificity analysis exhibited that the proportion of isomaltulose in the product did not change significantly,while the proportion of trehalose decreased,and the proportion of monosaccharides increased with increasing reaction temperature.Conclusion The active inclusion bodies of SI fused with coiled-coil domain were successfully prepared by fusion expression technology.As a novel self-immobilized enzyme,it has the advantage of simultaneous expression and immobilization,which provides a new strategy for large-scale preparation and efficient utilization of recombinant SI.

Effects of acupuncture at Houxi(SI3)and Huantiao(GB30)on NF-κB/iNOS/NO pathway in lumbar disc herniation model rats / 针灸推拿医学（英文版）

Objective:To observe the effects of acupuncture at Houxi(SI3)and Huantiao(GB30)on the expression levels of nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB),inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS),and nitric oxide(NO)of NF-κB inflammatory signaling pathway in L5 spinal nerve root of lumbar disc herniation(LDH)model rats and explore the mechanism of acupuncture in LDH treatment.Methods:Forty specific-pathogen-free healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a sham operation group,a model group,acupuncture group 1,and acupuncture group 2,with 10 rats in each group.The non-compression nucleus protrusion model was made by puncturing L4-L5 spinous process space and injecting autologous nucleus suspension.Acupuncture at bilateral Shenshu(BL23),Dachangshu(BL25),and Weizhong(BL40)was carried out in acupuncture group 1,and acupuncture at bilateral Houxi(SI3)and Huantiao(GB30)in acupuncture group 2.All rats were treated with balanced reinforcing and reducing needling manipulations,and the needles were retained for 30 min/time with one episode of needling manipulation every 10 min,once a day,14 times in total.The threshold value of paw withdrawal pain was measured by a thermal stimulation pain instrument;the serum NF-κB,iNOS,and NO levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The pathomorphological changes of spinal nerve roots were observed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining;quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to detect iNOS mRNA expression in spinal nerve roots;the NF-κB and iNOS protein expression in spinal nerve roots was detected by the immunofluorescence method.Results:Compared with the sham operation group,the threshold of paw withdrawal pain in the model group was decreased,and the expression levels of serum NF-κB,iNOS,and NO were increased;HE staining showed many degenerated and dissolved Schwann cells in spinal nerve roots with vacuolar changes;meanwhile,the expression levels of NF-κB and iNOS proteins,and the iNOS mRNA in spinal nerve roots were increased.Compared with the model group,the paw withdrawal pain thresholds in acupuncture group 1 and acupuncture group 2 were increased,and the increase in acupuncture group 2 was greater(P<0.05);the expression levels of serum NF-κB,iNOS,and NO in acupuncture group 1 and acupuncture group 2 were decreased,especially in acupuncture group 2(P<0.01);the vacuolar changes of spinal nerve roots,and the degeneration and lysis of Schwann cells in acupuncture group 1 and acupuncture group 2 were decreased,which were more obvious in acupuncture group 2;the NF-κB and iNOS protein expression and the iNOS mRNA expression levels in spinal nerve roots of acupuncture group 1 and acupuncture group 2 were decreased,especially in acupuncture group 2(P<0.01).Conclusion:Acupuncture at Houxi(SI3)and Huantiao(GB30)can improve the morphology of spinal nerve roots,inhibit the NF-κB and iNOS protein expression levels in spinal nerve roots and the serum NO level,and relieve the pain caused by inflammation of spinal nerve roots,which may be one of the mechanisms of acupuncture in LDH treatment.

Quantitative assessment of right ventricular myocardial blood flow with SPECT in pulmonary hypertension animal models / 中华核医学与分子影像杂志

Objective:To explore the changes of right ventricular myocardial perfusion in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) pig models with a quantitative analysis technique based on dynamic SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging, and analyze the relationship between myocardial blood flow, hemodynamics and right ventricular function.Methods:Eleven Chinese miniature pigs (all males, 6-8 months old) weighing 25-30 kg were selected. The PAH models were established by ligating the main pulmonary artery and embolizing the right lower pulmonary artery. After the models were established, dynamic myocardial perfusion imaging with one-day resting/adenosine stress 99Tc m-methoxyisobutylisonitrile (MIBI) SPECT was performed, and the quantitative parameters of left and right ventricles were obtained, including stress myocardial blood flow (SMBF), rest myocardial blood flow (RMBF) and myocardial flow reserve (MFR: the ratio of stress to rest myocardial blood flow). Right heart catheterization was performed to evaluate the mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP), and the right heart function index tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) was measured by transthoracic echocardiography. According to TAPSE, animals were divided into right heart function preserved group ( n=5, TAPSE≥17 mm) and right heart dysfunction group ( n=4, TAPSE<17 mm). Pearson correlation analysis and the independent-sample t test were used for data analysis. Results:Nine experimental pig models were established with increased mPAP of (38.1 ± 11.6 ) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa). Myocardial perfusion imaging showed clear radiotracer uptake in the right heart and myocardial hypertrophy. There was a significant positive correlation between right ventricular myocardial RMBF ((0.71±0.13) ml·min -1·g -1) and mPAP ( r=0.94, P< 0.001). The SMBF in the decreased right ventricular function group was significantly lower than that in the preserved right ventricular function group ((1.66±0.35) vs (2.24±0.30) ml·min -1·g -1;t=2.68, P=0.032). Conclusion:SPECT myocardial blood flow quantification can be used to evaluate the right ventricular myocardial blood flow in pig models of PAH.

Mestrias antigas e posições analíticas: a psicanálise à luz de Michel Foucault / Ancient masteries and analytical positions: psychoanalysis in the light of Michel Foucault / Maitrises anciennes et positions analytiques: la psychanalyse a la lumiere de Michel Foucault

Com o intuito de correlacionar Foucault e a psicanálise lacaniana, analisamos parte de seu pensamento final, voltado para as mestrias antigas, e lançamos luz à questão atual da posição do analista. Nosso embasamento consiste principalmente no curso ministrado em 1982, publicado como L'Hermèneutique du Sujet, que se endereça significativamente à discussão da função terapêutica da filosofia - recorte histórico-metodológico que lança Foucault a algumas análises do tempo presente, entre as quais encontramos breves referências à psicanálise. Apesar de pequenas, pensamos que tais menções realizam aberturas importantes para o diálogo entre a filosofia e o campo psicanalítico. Além disso, retomamos secundariamente passagens de outros cursos e conferências da década de 1980, nos quais o filósofo nos oferece ferramentas importantes para pensar o papel e as modalidades históricas da relação dialógica voltada para a cura, ou, em outros termos, para a relação entre o sujeito e a verdade.

In order to correlate Foucault and Lacanian psychoanalysis, we analyze part of his final thought, focused on ancient mastery, and shed light on the current question of the psychoanalyst's position. Our basis consists mainly of the course taught in 1982, published as L'Hermèneutique du Sujet, which significantly addresses the discussion of the therapeutic function of philosophy - a historical-methodological approach that launches Foucault to some analyzes of the present time, among which we find brief references to psychoanalysis. Despite being small, we think that such mentions provide important openings for the dialogue between philosophy and the psychoanalytic field. In addition, we secondarily comment on passages from other courses and conferences from the 1980s, in which the philosopher offers us important tools to think about the role and historical modalities of the dialogical relationship focused on healing, or, in other words, on the relationship between the subject and the truth.

Pour relier Foucault et la psychanalyse lacanienne, nous analysons une partie de sa pensée finale, centrée sur les maîtrises antiques, et nous passons la question actuelle de la position de l'analyste. Notre base est constituée principalement du cours enseigné en 1982, publié sous le titre L'Hermèneutique du Sujet, qui aborde de manière significative la discussion de la fonction thérapeutique de la philosophie - une approche historico-méthodologique qui lance Foucault à certaines analyses du temps présent, parmi lesquelles nous trouver de brèves références à la psychanalyse. Malgré leur petite taille, nous pensons que de telles mentions offrent des ouvertures importantes pour le dialogue entre la philosophie et le champ psychanalytique. De plus, nous reprenons secondairement des passages d'autres cours et conférences des années 1980, dans lesquels le philosophe nous offre des outils importants pour penser le rôle et les modalités historiques de la relation dialogique centrée sur la guérison, ou, en d'autres termes, sur la relation entre le sujet et la vérité.

O paradoxo da escuta analítica / The paradox of the analytical listening / La paradoja de la escucha analítica

O presente artigo aborda o paradoxo da escuta analítica, partindo do pensamento de Foucault, usado como ferramenta para pensar uma clínica na resistência, o que abre novos horizontes para o manejo da clínica psicanalítica na contemporaneidade. A psicanálise trabalha com um a um. Como lidar com a singularidade do sujeito, sem deixar de levar em conta o grupo identitário ao qual ele pertence, com problemáticas que lhe são próprias e que o distingue no coletivo? Como escutar o coletivo/individual inerente em cada narrativa do sujeito? A prática psicanalítica inspirada em Foucault é um processo de descoberta das sujeições que cercam e cerceiam nossa vida, visando provocar uma queda de certo saber de si. O sujeito é capaz de dizer não a constrangimentos históricos, o que lhe permite desprender-se de si mesmo e não afirmar uma identidade. O conhecer para desconhecer-se e transformar-se. Uma perspectiva ética se abre aqui, isto é, a elaboração de uma forma de relação consigo mesmo, a partir de um descolamento de nossas formações históricas. O "cuidado de si" implica uma ética que se opõe à suposição de um eu autônomo, precedendo sua própria história. Trata-se da problematização do já dito, visando à constituição de si, sempre em processo, puro devir. A ética do psicanalista consiste, assim, numa atitude acolhedora diante de um passado que insiste em se dizer presente, instigadora e questionadora acerca do próprio presente, visando um desvio dos pontos de estagnação, em direção à pura abertura.

This article deals with the paradox of analytical listening, starting from Foucault's thinking, used as a tool to think about a clinic in resistance, which opens new horizons for the management of a psychoanalytic clinic in contemporary times. Psychoanalysis works one by one. How to deal with the singularity of the subject without failing to consider the identity group to which he belongs, with problems that are his and that distinguish him in the collective? How to listen to the collective/individual inherent in each narrative of the subject? The psychoanalytic practice inspired by Foucault is a process of discovering the subjections that surround and surround our life, aiming to provoke a fall of certain knowledge of one another. The subject can say no to historical constraints, which allows him to detach himself from himself and not affirm an identity. To know him to be unwell and to transform himself. An ethical perspective opens here, that is, the elaboration of a form of relationship with one another, from a detachment of our historical formations. The "care of the self" involves ethics that opposes the assumption of an autonomous self, preceding its history. This is the problematization of the above, aiming at the constitution of one another, always in process, pure to come. The ethics of the psychoanalyst is, thus, a welcoming attitude towards a past that insists on saying itself present; instigator and questioner about the present itself, aiming at a deviation of the points of stagnation, towards pure openness.

El artículo aborda la paradoja de la escucha analítica, a partir del pensamiento de Foucault, utilizado como herramienta para pensar en una clínica en resistencia, lo que abre nuevos horizontes para el manejo de la clínica psicoanalítica en los tiempos contemporáneos. El psicoanálisis trabaja con uno por uno. ¿Cómo tratar la singularidad del sujeto, sin dejar de tener en cuenta el grupo identitario al que pertenece, con problemas que le son propios y que le distinguen en el colectivo? ¿Cómo escuchar lo colectivo/individual inherente a cada narrativa del sujeto? La práctica psicoanalítica inspirada en Foucault es un proceso de descubrimiento de las sujeciones que rodean y rodean nuestra vida, con el objetivo de provocar una caída de cierto conocimiento de unos a otros. El sujeto es capaz de decir no a las restricciones históricas, lo que le permite separarse de sí mismo y no afirmar una identidad. Conocerlo enfermo y transformarse. Aquí se abre una perspectiva ética, es decir, la elaboración de una forma de relación entre sí, a partir de un desprendimiento de nuestras formaciones históricas. Lo "cuidado de sí" implica una ética que se opone a la asunción de un yo autónomo, precediendo a su propia historia. Esta es la problematización de lo anterior, apuntando a la constitución de uno otro, siempre en proceso, puro por venir. La ética del psicoanalista es, pues, una actitud acogedora hacia un pasado que insiste en decirse presente; instigador e interrogador sobre el presente mismo, apuntando a una desviación de los puntos de estancamiento, hacia la apertura pura.

Depressão: a dor da alma de quem perdeu-se de si mesmo / Depression: The pain of the soul of those who lost themselves / Depresión: el dolor del alma de los que se perdieron

A depressão, no sentido simbólico, é a melhor expressão da dor da alma que se perdeu de sua própria natureza. Depressão como um estado de aprisionamento. Os seres vivos estão sempre em transformações físicas, psíquicas, socioculturais e noéticas. Quando as transformações não encontram espaço para se expressar, surge o sofrimento. A solução seria romper e, quando não se consegue, a depressão surge. A busca da possibilidade de refazer a ligação com o outro poderá ser feita por um processo via logos espiritualizado. O mito de Orfeu é usado para explicitar a perda da coniunctio com a anima e a segunda busca de si mesmo pelo caminho da Sabedoria Profunda. Essa busca pode ser traduzida também pelas questões kantianas: Quem sou eu? Por que estou aqui? Qual o sentido da minha vida? Qual é minha responsabilidade diante de tudo que me cerca? A conclusão sobre o texto define a condição do entender que o se perder de si mesmo, fundamento da depressão, encontra respostas, num segundo momento da vida, pelo conhecimento, via logos espiritualizado e veiculado pela Sabedoria Profunda.

Depression, in the symbolic sense, is the best expression of the pain of the soul that has lost its own nature. Depression as a state of imprisonment. Living beings are always undergoing physical, psychic, sociocultural, and noetic transformations. When transformations do not find space to express themselves, suffering arises. The solution would be to break up and when you don't succeed, depression arises. The search for the possibility of remaking the connection with the other can be done through a process via spiritualized logos. The myth of Orpheus is used to explain the loss of the coniunctio with the anima and the second search for oneself along the path of Profound Wisdom. This search can also be translated by the Kantian questions: "Who am I? Why am I here? What is the meaning of my life? What is my responsibility to everything around me?" The conclusion on the text defines the condition of understanding that losing oneself, the basis of depression, finds answers, in a second moment of life, through knowledge, via spiritualized logos and conveyed by Profound Wisdom.

La depresión, en sentido simbólico, es la mejor expresión del dolor del alma que ha perdido su propia naturaleza. La depresión como estado de encarcelamiento. Los seres vivos siempre están pasando por transformaciones físicas, psíquicas, socioculturales y noéticas. Cuando las transformaciones no encuentran espacio para expresarse, surge el sufrimiento. La solución sería romper y cuando no lo consigues, surge la depresión. La búsqueda de la posibilidad de rehacer la conexión con el otro puede hacerse a través de un proceso vía logos espiritualizados. Se utiliza el mito de Orfeo para explicar la pérdida del coniunctio con el ánima y la segunda búsqueda de uno mismo por el camino de la Sabiduría Profunda. Esta búsqueda también puede traducirse por las preguntas kantianas: ¿Quién soy yo? ¿Por qué estoy aquí? ¿Cuál es el significado de mi vida? ¿Cuál es mi responsabilidad con todo lo que me rodea? La conclusión del texto define la condición de comprensión de que el perderse a sí mismo, base de la depresión, encuentra respuestas, en un segundo momento de la vida, a través del conocimiento, a través del logos espiritualizado y transmitido por la Sabiduría Profunda.

El Cuidado de Sí desde una Perspectiva Relacional / Self-Care from a Relational Perspective

Resumen El cuidado de sí no es una capacidad que el individuo adquiere de manera ais lada o con el simple paso de una edad a otra, sino que se origina en un contexto relacional temprano y, como tarea del desarrollo, constituye un hito importante de cara al establecimiento de relaciones maduras en la adultez.

Abstract Self-care is not a capacity that the individual acquires in isolation or with the simple passage from one age to another, but it originates in an early relational context and, as a developmental task, it constitutes an important milestone toward the establishment of mature relationships in adulthood.

The effect of the acid pretreatment temperature of natural diatomaceous earth on the Si/Al ratio of ZSM-5 zeolite

La tierra de diatomea boliviana es una fuente de silicio potencialmente más económica en comparación a los reactivos de alta pureza comúnmente utilizados para la síntesis de zeolitas. Dada su composición compleja es necesario realizarle un pretratamiento ácido con el fin de reducir las impurezas y regular el contenido de aluminio. En este artículo se realizaron múltiples experimentos durante la etapa de pretratamiento ácido. La temperatura del pretratamiento ácido fue modificada en un rango entre 50 y 155 °C esto con el fin de determinar su efecto en la relación Si/Al final. Los resultados mostraron que la relación Si/Al puede ser modulada en un rango entre 6,2 y 38,1. Posteriormente, se obtuvieron zeolitas a partir de la tierra de diatomea modificada. Las zeolitas obtenidas presentaron una relación Si/Al entre 9,6 y 40,2. Se aplicaron distintas técnicas de caracterización para la determinación de las propiedades. El grado de cristalinidad y el área superficial específica están directamente relacionadas con la relación Si/Al. Los sitios ácidos están conformados por ácidos fuertes de tipo Brönsted y ácidos fuertes y débiles de tipo Lewis. Para la zeolita con menor relación Si/Al se determinó una elevada acidez total (>0,51 molNH3/Kgzeolita), mientras que para la zeolita con mayor relación Si/Al la acidez total se redujo considerablemente (<0,38 molNH3/Kgzeolita).

Bolivian diatomaceous earth is a potentially lower cost silica source than conventional high purity reagents used in zeolite synthesis. Due to its complex composition, it is necessary to pre-treat it with sulfuric acid in order to reduce impurities and regulate the aluminum content. In the present work several experiments were carried out with natural Bolivian diatomaceous earth in the pre-treatment stage. In order to determine the effect on the final Si/Al ratio, the temperature of the acid pre-treatment was varied between 50 to 155 °C. The results show that the Si/Al ratio can be modulated from 6.2 up to 38.1. These treated diatomaceous earth samples were used to synthetise ZSM-5 zeolite. The obtained ZSM-5 zeolites have a Si/Al ratio in the following range: 9.6 to 40.2. XRD, NH3-TPD and Nitrogen Physisorption techniques were used to characterise the properties of the obtained zeolites. The degree of crystallisation and the specific surface area are directly related to the Si/Al ratio, resulting in high values at high Si/Al ratios. The acid sites are composed of strong Brönsted acid sites and, strong and weak Lewis acid sites. For the zeolite with a low Si/Al ratio a high total acidity was found (>0.51 molNH3/Kgzeolite), while at high Si/Al ratios the total acidity is reduced (<0.38 molNH3/Kgzeolite).

A terra diatomácea boliviana é uma fonte potencialmente mais barata de silício em comparação com os reagentes de alta pureza comumente usados para a síntese de zeólitas. Dada a sua composição complexa, é necessário realizar um pré-tratamento ácido para reduzir as impurezas e regular o teor de alumínio. No presente trabalho, vários experimentos foram realizados durante a etapa de pré-tratamento ácido. A temperatura do pré-tratamento ácido foi modificada em uma faixa entre 50 e 155 °C para determinar seu efeito na relação Si/Al final. Os resultados mostram que a razão Si/Al pode ser modulada em uma faixa entre 6,2 e 38,1. Posteriormente, as zeólitas foram obtidas a partir de terra diatomácea modificada. As zeólitas obtidas possuem uma razão Si/Al entre 9,6 e 40,2. Diferentes técnicas de caracterização foram aplicadas para determinar as propriedades. O grau de cristalinidade e a área superficial específica estão diretamente relacionados com a razão Si/Al. Os sítios ácidos são compostos por ácidos fortes do tipo Brönsted e ácidos fortes e fracos do tipo Lewis. Para a zeólita com menor relação Si/Al, foi determinada uma alta acidez total (>0,51 molNH3/Kgzeólita), enquanto para a zeólita com maior relação Si/Al, a acidez total foi consideravelmente reduzida (<0,38 molNH3/Kgzeolita).

Efectos del entrenamiento en marcos relacionales de condicionalidad sobre el responder relacional deíctico / Effects of Training in Conditional Relational Framing on the Deictic Relational Responding

Resumen Desde la Teoría de los Marcos Relacionales, la toma de perspectiva se concibe como un patrón de responder relacional arbitrariamente aplicable bajo control de claves contextuales deícticas personales, espaciales y temporales. Además, se asume necesaria la capacidad para responder relacionalmente bajo el control de claves contextuales condicionales. Sin embargo, no se ha reportado evidencia empírica que permita identificar la relación existente entre los marcos de condicionalidad y la precisión en el responder relacional deíctico. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar si el entrenamiento en marco de condicionalidad podría facilitar el desempeño sobre el responder deíctico. Participaron cuatro niños con desarrollo normalizado que fueron divididos en dos condiciones experimentales (C1 y C2). Los participantes de ambas condiciones se expusieron a un protocolo de evaluación y entrenamiento en marcos deícticos. A su vez, solo los participantes de la C2 se expusieron a una fase de evaluación y entrenamiento en marcos de condicionalidad previo al entrenamiento en marcos deícticos. Los resultados mostraron que todos los participantes exhibieron mejoras en sus ejecuciones post-test en las relaciones deícticas y que los participantes de C2 obtuvieron mejores resultados con respecto a su pre-test en los niveles de mayor complejidad deíctica tras el entrenamiento en marcos condicionales. Se discute la necesidad de protocolos de toma de perspectiva más naturalistas que posibiliten indagar en cómo se desarrollan los términos relacionales y se abstrae la función de las claves contextuales que permiten interpretar, atribuir y predecir el comportamiento de otro.

Abstract According to Relational Frame Theory, perspective taking is conceived as an arbitrarily applicable relational pattern of relational responding under the control of personal, spatial, and temporal deictic contextual cues. Furthermore, the ability to respond relationally under the control of conditional contextual cues is assumed to be necessary. However, no empirical evidence has been reported to identify the relationship between conditionality frames and accuracy in deictic relational responding. The study aimed to analyze whether training in conditionality frames could facilitate performance on deictic responding. Four children with normalized development participated and were divided into two experimental conditions (C1 and C2). Participants in both conditions were exposed to an evaluation protocol and training on deictic frames. In turn, only C2 participants were exposed to an evaluation and training phase in conditionality frames before the training in deictic frames. Results showed that all the participants exhibited improvements in their post-test performances on deictic relations and that the C2 participants performed better with respect to their pre-test on the levels of greater deictic complexity after training in conditional frames. We discuss the need for more naturalistic perspective-taking protocols that allow us to investigate how relational terms are developed and abstract the role of contextual cues that allow us to interpret, attribute, and predict another's behavior.

Practices of the self and pro-environmental behavior in ecovillages: ethnographic study in Brazil and Switzerland / Práticas de si e comportamento pró-ambiental em ecovilas: estudo etnográfico no Brasil e Suíça / Prácticas de si y comportamiento proambiental en ecoaldeas: estudio etnográfico en Brasil y Suiza

This article aims to analyze the relationship between practices of the self and pro-environmental behavior in the daily life of ecovillages. We rely on Foucault's notion of practices of the self to understand the changes in the behavior of the inhabitants of ecovillages regarding the environment. We made participant observations in two ecovillages in Switzerland and one in Brazil. The analyses show that the presence or absence of practices of the self in each ecovillage led to different pro-environmental subjectivation: passive-structural, active-individual, and active-structural. From these different positions, each community achieved different degrees of preservation of the environment. The results provide evidence that practices of the self are relevant factors for the inhabitants of ecovillages to develop pro-environmental behaviors.

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a relação entre as práticas de si e o comportamento pró-ambiental no cotidiano de ecovilas. Nos apoiamos na noção de Foucault de práticas de si para compreender as mudanças no comportamento dos habitantes das ecovilas em relação ao meio ambiente. Fizemos observações participantes em duas ecovilas na Suíça e uma no Brasil. As análises mostram que a presença ou ausência de práticas de si em cada ecovila levou a diferentes subjetivações pró-ambientais: passivo-estrutural, ativo-individual e ativo-estrutural. A partir dessas diferentes posições, cada comunidade alcançou diferentes graus de preservação do meio ambiente. Os resultados fornecem evidências de que as práticas de si são fatores relevantes para que os habitantes das ecovilas desenvolvam comportamentos pró-ambientais.

Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la relación entre las prácticas de sí y el comportamiento proambiental en la vida diaria de las ecoaldeas. Nos basamos en la noción de prácticas de sí de Foucault para comprender los cambios en el comportamiento de los habitantes de las ecoaldeas con respecto al medio ambiente. Hicimos observaciones de los participantes en dos ecoaldeas de Suiza y una de Brasil. Los análisis muestran que la presencia o ausencia de prácticas de sí en cada ecoaldea dio lugar a una subjetivación proambiental diferente: pasivo-estructural, activo-individual y activo-estructural. Desde estas diferentes posiciones, cada comunidad logró diferentes grados de preservación del medio ambiente. Los resultados proporcionan evidencia de que las prácticas de sí son factores relevantes para que los habitantes de las ecoaldeas desarrollen comportamientos proambientales.